I will never forget when I investigated the "Peter Pan" serial killer in Night City (Cyberpunk 2077). Going through the background story of a child kidnapper, and his methods, was truly shocking and terryfing.

Fahrenheit :)

Perhaps it is not exactly a criminal case, but there is a detective/ noir element in Flashback: the Quest for Identity in figuring out your situation, stranded in a hostile jungle environment with amnesia. You end up fighting in a violent televised game show, dispatching corrupt cops, and uncovering a great conspiracy by the game's end.

there is this game where the main character (let's call him G) tried to find his missing daughter, inquiring about with one of the last person who saw her. that person had a missing person of his own, two of them in fact. he promised to tell the G what he wants to know only if he find leads on his own missing persons.

as G is among other things, pro tracker he agreed

. from there it gets pretty complicated,and involves, among other things,domestic abuse, ancient evil,mental breakdown,witches,racist militant group,and more

it's a rather unique take on crime story, set in a dark fantasy setting.

the game is the witcher 3.

My favorite video game "detective case" was the "Professor Pyg" side mission in Batman - Arkham Knight...just crazy creepy and well-done.

Planescape: Torment

Solving your own murder mystery was quite memorable adventure!
And this game has one of the best stories in video games history...

Recently, CP2077 with Peter Pan ! What a twisted mind :/

Max Payne back in 2001 was very memorable and rough ride to solve criminal case.

Pain to the Max. :)

The case that even after many years I still remember fondly is The Grand Turnabout, the final case in Ace Attorney Investigations 2.
That case is one of the best I ever read in a mystery novel! The entire game is built around this mastermind that orchestrated everything that happened, so confronting and discovering who did all of this was so satisfying. The twists and turns are so cool. The villain is a bit tragic, he wanted revenge so badly that it blinded him and lost sight of his goal.

Without a doubt, Murdered: Soul Suspect, solving your own murder by possessing people. Creepy and wild with fascinating characters and weird twists and turns.

It's gotta be that damn goat puzzle!

Shadowman - solving the cases by entering into the minds of the criminally insane and defeating their messed up nightmare and figuring out how to get the information needed for the next part of the quest. That game was super creepy and those cases will stick with me forever to this day.

Unravelling the whole UNATCO conspiracy in the original Deus Ex, hands down.
I don't know if that counts.

Investigating "deviant" androids in Detroid: Become Human was very tense and thrilling.

I enjoyed the Vanishing of Ethan Carter. That was a mystery that kept me guessing what was going on until the very end.