Okay, after a few days of working with support, they finally gave me a suggestion that worked for me. No guarantees it'll work for anyone else but maybe it can help someone out:

- Navigate to the Cyberpunk 2077 page on GOG Galaxy
- In the settings drop-down menu (click the button to the right of the "Play" button), scroll down to the "Manage installation" option and select "Configure"
- Look for the option titled "Launch parameters" and click on the checkbox for "Custom executables / arguments"
- In this menu, at the bottom, look for the purple text saying "Add another executable / arguments". Click on it.
- In the fields that show up, type "-forceLowSettings" (without the quotes) into the "Arguments" section that shows up in the new executable section
- Launch the game

If this works for you, go to the settings before loading a save. Set your graphics options to whatever you like. > If the game crashes when you load a save, re-launch the game and load a save, tweaking settings one-by-one while in the game. If one of them crashes the game, you know that's the problematic setting for you (for me, it was screen-space reflections). > Once you figure out the problematic setting, you can revert back to the original executable in Galaxy's settings and it should work from then on unless you re-enable the setting that was causing problems.

Apparently, something went weird when I was setting up my new PC. I must have somehow enabled a setting that wasn't compatible with my system. Now, I'm able to play it with no issue.

Hopefully that helps fix the issue for at least one other person!