Call it min-maxing if you will, but I'm having trouble enjoying this game without knowing what the production ratios are. Specifically, I have no idea how much food feed how many people, or how much hops feed how many breweries feed how many inns etc...

I'm generally sticking to the economic missions and most of them end up with me wildly either over-producing or under-producing. The only thing I was able to find out is that 2 wheat farms > 1 mill > 9 bakeries, but I have no idea how many people those nine bakeries can feed eventually.

Good question. I am on Mission 15 of the combat game of Stonghold HD and I have not really figured this out. I basically try to build as much food supply as I can and I decide on what portion of the food production chain to build by the build up of the intermediaries in my supply. If I see a lot of wheat building up, I build a mill, if lots of flour, then I build more bakeries.

What also makes this complex is that the efficiency of your workers is effected by other aspects of the game such as the bars where they drink ale. The decrease in efficiency may not be spread equally among the populace (not sure about this) if there is not enough of the "efficiency" resources to cover the entire population.

Basically, I stick with these rules:
1) have plenty of food in the granary.
2) Too little food, then go to 1/2 rations and start a small bribe so as to not loose popularity/people. I generally will build mines and stone quarry's, extra wood cutters, that I then just trade on the market to offset money or food issues.

Also, dairy farms will provide food directly and give you a source for leather for armor so there is not too much resouce management you need to do with them.

There can't really be any fixed production chain ratios as it varies on a lot of factors, population morale, on how far all the elements are from each other etc. On the other hand, it's not all that hard to figure it out either, the general rule of thumb is that as long as the amount of, say, grain steadily increases, you should build another mill and so on.