Constantijn83: I'm sure I've seen it a couple of times as an option but I'd choose a different tech to research instead, like increased production/research, buildings, weapons, etc.
As a rule of thumb, robots are the single most important tech in the game. They give you a
really big boost to population growth, and the earlier you start construction the more of them you will have in the long-run. You also want to be able to pick up the Droids tech as soon as possible, which lifts most of the restrictions on what kinds of jobs the robots get, and you can't research droids until you've researched robots.
The only time robots are really worth skipping is if you're playing hyper-aggressive all-in military, in which case you kinda want to go nuts with alloy forges instead.
Constantijn83: I'm not sure that that it does atm. With everything I've build so far on my 9 planets, I've got quite a big surplus in almost everything, except food production and I keep hitting the cap after I start building something again.
Admittedly, the only thing I'm slow on is research itself although I just started on making up for that by specializing my newest planet for that. Also I'm pretty slow on unity, I'll admit.
You can always have bigger surpluses. It's actually staggering just what kind of economic power is possible in this game. I consider myself very knowledgeable about Stellaris, but there are people who do things that make my jaw drop with just how massive an economy they build up.
Using Medical Workers instead of Entertainer will leave you low on Unity. Entertainers are the most cost-effective way to produce Unity, and also the most cost-effective way to produce amenities.
Constantijn83: I'm genuinely wondering how exactly to spreadsheet these numbers (and numbers of other aspects as well).
It's actually pretty simple; I take comparable job that could have been worked instead of being a medical worker, and then spreadsheet how many resources are produced over time as my baseline. For comparison the medical worker side of the sheet starts with 0 pops and add more pops whenever the medical worker gets a population lead. I then look for when the break-even is.
ussnorway: robots are a whole other can of worms, if you play any sort of spirit empire then they should be banned
Even spiritualists should generally be using robots. Your faction doesn't like it, but the extra pop growth and economic output is just
too good to pass up. The only situation you would even consider not running robots is if you're playing all-in hyper-aggressive conquest. For any other build... yeah, you kinda need robots.
Really, the Spiritualist ethic is in desperate need of buffing. They have no synergy anymore, priests are underpowered, their benefits are largely irrelevant in the current meta, and disliking robots means they're actually more a handicap than a benefit. Whenever I play spiritualist, I feel like I'm playing while down an ethic.