UPDATE: It seems Galaxy downloaded but did not actually apply the update. This is no longer a problem.

It seems that StardewValley.Game1.getSteamAchievement method is still trying to run StardewValley.SteamHelper, which is trying and failing to load the Steamworks.NET assembly, per below stack trace:

Message: Could not load file or assembly 'Steamworks.NET, Version=7.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
InnerException:
Stack Trace: at StardewValley.SteamHelper.getAchievement(String achieve)
at StardewValley.Game1.getSteamAchievement(String which) in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Game1.cs:line 5398
at StardewValley.Menus.LevelUpMenu..ctor(Int32 skill, Int32 level) in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Menus\LevelUpMenu.cs:line 70
at StardewValley.Game1.showEndOfNightStuff() in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Game1.cs:line 4030
at StardewValley.Game1.newDayAfterFade() in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Game1.cs:line 3998
at StardewValley.Game1.UpdateOther(GameTime time) in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Game1.cs:line 2780
at StardewValley.Game1.Update(GameTime gameTime) in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Game1.cs:line 1455
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Tick()
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.HostIdle(Object sender, EventArgs e)
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GameHost.OnIdle()
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameHost.RunOneFrame()
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameHost.ApplicationIdle(Object sender, EventArgs e)
at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponent.FDoIdle( Int32 grfidlef)
at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManage r.FPushMessageLoop(IntPtr dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData)
at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context)
at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context)
at System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(Form mainForm)
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameHost.Run()
at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun)
at StardewValley.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\Barone_\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Farmer\Farmer\Farmer\Program.cs:line 31

Running 1.0.5900.10016 on Windows 7 Pro 64-bit.

I just patched today after seeing a similar bug had been fixed with the 1.05 update, but alas, it was as disappointing as the previous two.

Cheers,
Kalzarius