Other then the fact that it's presumably showing me relative co-ordinates, these terminal screens mean nothing to me.

Can anyone explain how this is supposed to work?

Ok I figured it out by watching a youtube video.








*spoiler*
For those who might read this in the future:

There's nothing special about it; Just find the spot labeled the station.
It's in the short view map, not the long view one.

It's not easy, but it's deducible from known clues. The rescue station is near you, so you should use the near field space image and look for the largest object, which is the black mass. Later in the game, you need to look for Earth, which is far from you; so you use the far field image, on which one of the numbered indicators points to Earth's location.