You have to enable "Antarans Attack" in the settings menu when you start a new game. They should show up around turn 150 or so and randomly attack a new system every 10-15 turns (on Impossible difficulty, I think later on lower difficulties).
THey initially show up with 1-3 frigate Raiders. Once someone (not necessarily you) defeats those, they start sending more powerful ships. The cruiser you mention maybe shows up on the 4th or 5th raid, if the previous raids have taken casualties. They sometimes also send a battleship with Reflector Fields in the late game.
Usually by turn 100 or so, one of the alien races has acquired Dimensional Portal somehow, which you can see as a choice if you "demand tech" during an audience. That tech is only available if the Antarans have been enabled. So if you see it, but they haven't shown up yet, then just give them some more time.
Post edited September 21, 2014 by Dreamteam67