So, had to do it also today on Jan 25, 2024. GOG Galaxy was very buggy/unstable these days.
Installed ABaumher's latest Steam Integration
version (as of now, 1.2.1Beta), following the
instructions on its main GitHub page
That solved it, thankfully.
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Just to expand the unstable issue a bit, I had trouble not only with every sync, but even accessing the client/logging in. It kept asking me to log in every time, but seems it couldn't connect (and when it could, it always asked me for a verification code and was still unstable). I don't think it was directly related to the Steam integration issue, since after Galaxy regained stability and syncing with other platforms, it couldn't sync with Steam, so had to do as described above.