Sabin_Stargem: As I understand it, the Republican party used to consist primarily of fiscal conservatives, but over time formed a "Big Tent" that included social conservatives. The problem with this is that one isn't like the other, which pretty much means a schism would happen at some point.
ktchong: Wrong.
Social conservatives were absorbed into the Republican party during the 1960s through 1970s due to one very specific political strategy of Richard Nixon (the worst President in US history) in the late 1960s:
Southern Strategy (link to the Wikipedia entry)
Before the Southern Strategy was implemented, the Republican party was actually the socially
liberal and
progressive party. It was the party that freed the slaves. It was the party that consistently won all the "blue states" back in the days. Back then, Democrats were the Southern and racist party. Democrats ruled "red states". All the Southern racists and bigots voted Democrats. The KKK were Democrats.
Then, in a series of sudden turns of events, (one thing led to another kinda way in an unstoppable tide of history,) Democratic President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Right Act of 1964 and Voting Act of 1965 into laws. The Southern racists and bigots, who supported the Democrats, felt betrayed by the President Johnson and his party. Richard Nixon saw an opening. He saw the opportunity, and he came up with the "Southern Strategy" to appeal to the Southern racists and bigots, to convert the disillusioned Southern Democrats into Republicans. The strategy worked. Too well.
Over time, Republicans and Democrats swapped their constituents and states. They completely swapped their social positions. All the progressive politicians gradually abandoned the Republican party and became Democrats, while all the Democrat conservatives (racists and bigots) went over to the other side. Republican became the socially conservative party, and Democrat became the liberal progressive party.
That's the history. Check out
the Wikipedia entry for more details of this interesting -- but little known -- pivotal event in US history.
Well you got part of it right.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was not the first civil rights legislation that went before the legislature. But it was the first time that Republicans had enough support to break the Democrat filibuster. Like the previous acts this one too was written by the Republicans. The act also got a boost from President Lyndon Johnson who publicly endorsed it by saying it was what Kennedy would have wanted. Shortly after the act passed he privately said " I’ll have those n----s voting Democrat for 200 years" aboard Air Force One.
There wasn't too much party switching after the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Senator Robert Byrd, who was once a high leader in the KKK, remained a Democrat for the rest of his life. In fact he was continually re-elected each term since the CRA1964 and after he died his constituency elected another Democrat. All the southern state senators who voted against the act were Democrats and with the exception of Strom Thurmond, all remained Democrats. I believe it was Al Gore Sr who was the first to be replaced by a Republican in 1971. The rest of the states kept electing Democrats, some went Republican in the 80's and some waited until the 00's.
In presidential elections the southern states quit being solid blue in 1948, although they came pretty close for Jimmy Carter in 1976. Also Let's not for get that Governor George "Segregation Now, Segregation Tomorrow, Segregation Forever" Wallace actually took 5 states as an Independent in 1968; Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi. They went solid Red once for Nixon, once for Reagan (the second time) and twice for Bush Jr.
The idea that the parties switched sides due to civil rights is completely false. Are there racists who vote Republican? Yes. Are there racists who vote Democrat? Yes. Does this mean that everyone who votes these ways are racist? No.