Delixe: A bug in Steam like others have said. It affected The Witcher 2 as well forcing people to download the entire game again just to apply the patch.
Actually the issue with The Witcher 2 was not a bug but a limitation of how Steam handles updates. Steam never actually patches anything; rather than using the age-old method of applying a diff patch it instead downloads entirely new copies of all the affected files. This results in situations like a patch that is normally 20MB being 500MB+ on Steam.
Developers are increasingly moving towards using several giant package files instead of hundreds of individual files due to the numerous advantages of this approach (for both them and the players), but Steam's continued lack of patching support means that this sensible design decision results in ridiculously huge update sizes for Steam players. :(