tinyE: Can I ask a really stupid American question, are the pro leagues in Europe as seemingly 'slanted' as the international teams? By that I mean whenever the World Cup comes around there is a small group of standard teams (Brazil, Germany, Italy, a few others) given a legit shot and winning the whole thing while everyone else is either viewed as a serious underdog or a sleeper. Is that the case in the pro leagues? Are there teams that exist seemingly just to give other teams someone else to play? Teams that no matter what happens will never pose a serious threat to winning any championships? It used to be that way with the American sports leagues but in the past fifteen years or so it's been changing and now it seems every year, regardless of the sport, it's literally ANYBODY'S game.
It's not a stupid question. It looks mostly as you said. There is a few good leagues and it would be hard to join to the elite group of european leagues. However in last few years German Bundesliga has overtaken Italian Serie A. The league ranking is based on clubs efficiency in European cups like Champions League and European League. Champions League is the most prestigious, however the second one is some kind of a consolation prize. Italian teams didn't used to threat it seriously because of it's rich football history, they were to proud. However the points for the leagues rank counts similar and thats why Bundesliga is stronger now than Serie A. Does the league rank matters? Well... take a look at Borussia and Bayern and then take a look at Inter, Milan and Juventus - it's definietly better to be higher in that rank (it guarantees more national clubs in Champions League what means more money). There's also Portugal and France with a good leagues and if Italian clubs won't start threating European League seriously they may overtake it in the future as well. As you can see - it's hard to be in the top 3 of leagues but the standings may change.
There is also A LOT of smaller leagues like polish, when the champion can't even play directly in Champions League. It has to start in qualifications and to be honest it's good because difference between polish league football and f.e. english league football is like between NBA and NHL ;). We just don't know how to play football. Honestly - it's something with training because we are rich enough to have at least one medium-class club in European football (something like Anderlecht or Shakhtar).
"Rich enough" is very important statement to answer the second part of your question. There is nothing you can do in football if you don't have money. Ok, you might be a dark horse, you may be a huge surprise, maybe you can even win a trophy once (it happens once in 20-30 years). In every single national league exists a lot of clubs which has absolutely no chance to win a trophy, but, well, it's an idea of the league. And even the clubs which won their national league after all they have the same role in European Cups, because there is Elite, which is a group of best and richest clubs from every country.
Of course sometimes there are small crisises like with Liverpool or Inter in last few years, but they are so big and quite rich, that there is pretty sure they will be back in the nearest future. From the other hand - there is a lot of muslim investors who buy clubs and give them a lot of money - you could hear about PSG or Manchester City in last few years. You can also join the international elite by building your team consequently and with good management - there will be Napoli or Borussia for example. However you just can't create good football team without a huge amount of money.
Maybe the salary cap would be a good solution, but I don't think it would change it for better. There was a theory of some kind financial fair play but it didn't worked.
But you know what? I think in Europe we love that things running that way. We are conservative, we are focused on football brands. There is a HUGE history between the clubs from the top. We love watching new ones trying to break the domination of the european football giants, but it would be much less interesting without having Real, Barcelona, Milan, United, Arsenal, Inter or Bayern right there.