Themken: Anything I can do when I never see a booter?
That's weird. Are you using UEFI? Sometimes grubx64.efi gets messed up, or rather your EFI variables get messed up, because firmware is flaky, its storage memory fills up and etc.
One recommended step is to check what's in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/*
If you see a bunch of stuff like dump-*, delete it.
I.e.:
rm -v /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/dump-*
that should free some of your firmware memory.
Then, if your actual grub efi wasn't corrupted, do this copy (create the target directory if it's missing):
cp /boot/EFI/debian/grubx64.efi /boot/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi
That will create default efi image that all firmware should boot from. Reboot and if GRUB comes up, boot your kernel and after that, check your efi variables with:
efibootmgr
If debian / mint is missing there, do the following (you can call it like Mint would, I'm not sure, Debian uses "debian", but it's not critical):
efibootmgr -c -l "\\EFI\\debian\\grubx64.efi" -L "debian"
That should restore your EFI variable entry.
If you have such flaky efi firmware, I recommend doing this step after each apt-get dist-upgrade. I wrote a script for that very case for some of the older hardware I encounter. It checks if grubx64.efi differs from bootx64.efi and makes a copy if so, and then checks if efi variable is there and creates it if it's missing.