lexpartisan: I had problems with patches for several times. Actually, now I install patch, open the game, check the build, and if it is not relevant, I uninstall/reinstall the game.
There was also an issue with the Antiquarian patch: all "antiquarian_A<B,C,D>" folders were identical, therefore all four her skins were the same. And again, full game installer was OK.
So I'd recommend to reconcile and reinstall the game, well, every time the new patch is released. At least for Darkest Dungeon. At least on GOG.
GOG installers occasionally fail somewhat silently partway through - generally if your virus checker takes its sweet time checking it out such that the files are "locked" by the virus checker.
If that was the cause, then there should be a log file of some kind created in the same directory that you ran the installer from...
Hasn't happened to me since I upgraded my PC + OS, but on my ancient rig this would happen almost every new update and for almost any game on GOG - at least where the installer file(s) are > 1GB.