I have the game version 20239 (dlc installer is 2.2.0.3), but many fixes from the changelogs doesn't seem to be there:
- in both the windows and linux dlc download the blood stack is still 12,
- the courtyard baron quest still has champion color icon depite being veteran level
- no "gather the blood" quests appearing.

How many patches are we behind towards steam exactly?

Just one. The Gather the Blood quests should be available in the next patch (20340), but the other things you mentioned are bugs in the GOG version that have yet to be addressed.