So .. it seems to me that dropped items in the world may actually be limited to a certain amount, but i might be wrong, not sure.
I'm playing with the "CosmicForge" Tools attached to the game, and it shows you the items in the world, as well as the number of them.
I just walked to a spot in New City where i had dropped some armor, and it was gone.
Looking at the CosmicForge display, it showed that there were 127 items in the world.
127 is one of those types of numbers that can easily pop up during programming ( without going too much into the details ).
I then dropped another item to test, and the 127 did not go up.
I picked up a few items, it went below 127, but after dropping some more items, it never went past 127.
So my guess is, that 127 dropped items is the hard limit, and that the game removes either the oldest items, or random ones, when dropping a new item once the limit is reached.
Well, that's a bit scary, but good to know anyway.
Another reason not to litter i guess ;)