I've shut down a few alarms because the hints were easy enough for me to figure out which entry to choose. But I came across one that didn't seem to offer any clue as to which entry to choose. Are some of these answers random or do I have to learn more of an alien language?

I had my first one which I couldn`t disable as well.

It looked like a language thing to me as all the rest had a logical sequence of numbers where this one just had one word I`d learned and the rest were gibberish so I had to guess- I got it wrong.

I put a lot of effort into finding Knowledge Stones and Monoliths, as well as talking to the aliens a second time. This was very helpful in learning the languages and with that I was able to see a lot of the text associated with some of the alarms. I think I've only failed on one of them so far.

What happens if you fail one? I guessed at every one and the alarm always disabled, I just figured it didn't matter which one you clicked on. Sounds like I have been really lucky lol

It just locks you out of that terminal so you can't get whatever bonus it had.

You were!