Ant.ares: After the next expedition in the list of frigates, on one of them appeared the inscription "damaged component". This warning does not prevent you from adding a frigate to new expeditions, but I guess the damage must be such as to fix. How do I do this?
As you noted, depending upon whether or not you want to take the chance of losing the frigate you do not have to repair. this is a way to rid yourself of a frigate that you would otherwise delete.
Repairing a frigate will take one or more of gold, platinum, oxygen, silver, pure ferrite and tritium so save the extra trip by having some of this on hand.
The damaged frigate will have a red flag so that you can find out which one needs repair without having to land at random.
When landing there are some messages and you can have damaged systems flagged.
All damaged systems on a frigate required the same repair materials and quantities (or at least used to).
You can avoid having to repair frigates but making sure that the total relative stars of the assigned group of frigates exceeds the mission difficulty level. One star greater will still result in occasional damage but since switching to ensuring that each expedition assigned is two stars greater I have not had a frigate damaged.