HiPhish: I wish I could filter through various kinds of items (bricks, walls, equipment, ...) and show all the craft I had learned even if I don't have the materials right now (they could b faded out or grey in that case)
For the first part, try clicking on the small hammer above the material list in the crafting section.
For the second part, take an item with the Material tag to the Guide and show it to him (under the Crafting section). It's not as much that you learn recipes, all of them are technically available to a new character, you just need the right materials and workplace. Also, there are so many recipes in the game (around 90 that involve [basic] Wood) that it would be a nightmare to display them all at the same time ingame. The wiki is a far more useful place for this, even though it can spoil the surprise of discovering certain new types of items.