Here is a list of the DLC's on Paradox's website:
https://stellaris.paradoxwikis.com/Downloadable_content I nearly didn't purchase this game (despite the good introduction discount), because of the huge number of optional DLC's (which does make it rather pricey if you purchase them all at once).
After spending a bit of time researching the different DLC's, and after two occasions in which I just ended up removing all of them from the cart after being overwhelmed, I finally ended up purchasing the Nova edition (OST + Arachnoid Portrait Pack)...and then caved in about 20 minutes later and purchased 3 DLC's.
There isn't much of a consensus on which DLC's are worthwhile, except for perhaps "Utopia", so I ended up purchasing:
Utopia: Just about every buyers guide recommended this. Since I'm new to the game, I don't really know exactly what most of those features are, but it does add huge construction projects (Dyson Sphere's, Ring worlds).
Distant Stars: I think this adds multi star systems (binary, trinary), and improves exploration (anomalies). That's pretty much why I went with this, even though I wasn't sure exactly what this was adding having not played the base game.
Leviathans: Not too expensive and this often came up as a recommendation (not as much as Utopia).
Apparently "Utopia" is regarded as an expansion, and both "Distant Stars" & "Leviathans" are story packages (see attached image).
I can say though after 2 days of owning the game, it does seem a pretty well put together, although I think the default difficulty is still too high for a beginner (Pirates were far too powerful playing my first game when I had no idea what I was doing, so I had to end that game and start another). I'm on my second game now, and while I know a little better what I'm doing, the AI is leagues ahead of me, and starting to cut me off from being able to freely explore (also habitable worlds are insanely rare as I've only found 4 (3 of which I colonized) in my current playthrough).