blakstar: Also found that I had no troubles, on multiple Linuxes, with sound cards that used the EMU10K1 chip, such as the older Creative Soundblaster Live.
I still use the SoundBlaster Live! for all my Linux sound needs. Mostly because I've used it since forever and am somehow attached to it, but I also need a gameport occasionally and there's at least that. I also like that there's a hardware midi synthesizer in there and use it with dosbox games, although in all honesty software would probably do just as good a job and performance is hardly an issue anymore. But as much as I like it, it's not without its quirks.
There is a hardware bug that prevents you from loading soundfonts larger than 12M or so if you have more than 2G of memory. There are solutions for this, but not very good ones.
I've also noticed the signal having been inverted when recording (not audible, but significant in some contexts), and the line-in appears to switch channels!