tinyE: I am fascinated by an ongoing conversation in here regarding originality (yet another reason you all make this forum far and away the best forum in the known universe).
Shakespear said there are only six plots and anyone who sits down and diagrams any storey anywhere (game, movie, book, cartoon, comic, etc) will no doubt pretty quickly realize how right he was.
Raymond Queneau, a french writer, said there are two kinds of fictional stories: Illiads and Odysseys. Illiads are about a set of characters dealing with a crisis in a given, well fleshed-out context. Odysseys are more about one character's journey and personal developpment.
I'm not saying I absolutely believe these are the only two story-models, but it's another interesting example of those theories of storytelling you and F4LLOUT mentioned.
In games, I think there'd be quite a lot of Odysseys, basically every time you control one lonely player-character: many RPGs, most FPS: games based on self-discovery and progressive empowerment (Unreal 1, Lands of Lore 2, every Elder Scrolls game). Of course, self-discovery can be simplified and represented by gaining levels, powerups, etc.
Party-based RPGs like Dragon Age or Kotor are examples of Illiads, I think: the struggle of a team of characters with a large-scale crisis in the background. Also, hero-based strategy games like Warcraft 3, Dawn of War 2...
Concerning the main topic of this thread, lore, I'm surprised no one mentioned Valve games. Portal, especially, has a very thin story (basically you're trapped, look for the exit) with an excitingly deep lore wrapped around it. Also Half-Life's story (and HL2 even more) is just "go from point A to point B, then to point C and so on", but Valve makes this simple canvas brilliantly fun to play, thanks to the well fleshed-out context.