As a Finnish person educated mostly in the US, I can give a rough breakdown of what history at least california public schools covered 10 years ago.
Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, moving onto Greece and Rome (pretty heavily covered), then it kinda glosses over a couple hundred years of European dark ages in a few minutes, jumps to the Scientific Revolution and then Industrial Revolution, somewhere in there the French Revolution, and also covers every little minutia of US history from colonization, slave trade, independence, and civil war, then WW1/ww2 and heavy holocaust, and pretty much nothing after that. Each year was dedicated to a different portion of history, usually kinda vaciliating between US and world history, but I'd say US history was more developed. Asia mostly not mentioned except for a few points where the US came in contact (poppy trade in China, US forcing Japan's ports open), but Europe and Western civilization roots fairly well covered.
As for British history, there is a little in terms of kings, succession, etc, but not very much at all except for things like Magna Carta, etc. Oh yea, and Native Americans.