I figure I would finally post a reply to some of the ideas in this thread.
Allegro: Looking at the website, it appears to require DirectX on Windows or OpenGL on other OSes to build; I specifically want to avoid that dependency.
Last time I investigated SDL, it appeared that SDL2 was built with hardware acceleration in mind. I would rather not have that, unless SDL2 can run at good performance on low-spec systems with no hardware acceleration.
uGUI looks rather interesting. Maybe not something I would want to use for a game (and I still need a way to actually put the pixels onto the screen), but good to be aware of, as I am actually interested in embedded development.
blotunga: Are there today any systems out there without Opengl support? I think it's ubiquitous.
Linux in a VM may technically support OpenGL, but without hardware acceleration it is going to be really slow and inefficient. For my purposes, I don't care about 3D; what I do, however, care about is being able to make an NES style game (for example) that takes fewer resources than a comparable NES game being played in an emulator.