Posted September 09, 2018
Starmaker: It's both an ethnicity ("race") and a religion. There are Judaist believers of other ethnicities (converts or raised in the faith from birth) and ethnic Jews who belong to other religions or none at all (the latter group includes most prominent Jewish scientists). There would be no Holocaust if people could just opt out of being gassed.
Sad thread is sad.
Ethnicity doesn't mean "race", absolutely at all. Ethnicity is an agreed-upon collective identity, based on shared attributes, which usually include language, geography, institutions, beliefs, rites, but can also lack a few of these (there are diaspora ethnicities without geographical unty, there are ethnicities with multiple languages, etc). In the end, what defines ethnicity, is an arbitrary, consensual sense of belonging. Sad thread is sad.
Judaism can be described broadly as a shared culture (which is, basically, what ethnicity means), with, indeed, believers and atheists, but even atheists can belong to a religious tradition in the sense that I am an atheist belonging to a christian culture (that is, in a society organised by christian rites, christian calendars, and philosphical currents rooted in christianism). It has been racialized by antisemits (in particular nazis), it can be sometimes vaguely traced by genetic markers (in the sense that all partially in-breeding populations tend to statistically carry some markers around), but it is not a "race", and a person's judaic religion or culture cannot be inferred by the shape of their nose or whatever.
But identities (be it "jew" or "tutsi" or whatever) can also be administratively imposed by the outside, and that's what the nazi bureaucratic powers did a lot, designating people as "jewish" depending on their own pseudo-scientifical definition of the notion. So no, a designated "jew" could not opt-out. But the nazi administration could decide arbitrarily who would be or wouldn't be "a jew".
Post edited September 09, 2018 by Telika