patrikc: So then... Gris, Night in the Woods, Child of Light (
what a soundtrack it has!, Limbo, Celeste, Fran Bow, Outlast, both Manhunt games (fair warning: they're extremely disturbing). I guess The Last of Us can be considered as well, to a certain extent.
I already have Outlast and I put a few of those on my wantlist, thanks! Manhunt isn't easily available in Germany though, I'm afraid :-/
Jarik12.3: If you're ok with a walking sim:
"The Town of Light" Have it in my collection, not played yet though. I actually like walking sims, so I'm ok with that ;-)
Geralt_of_Rivia: The Town of Light and
Martha is dead seem to fit your description very well even though they seem to be mostly story focused. Read that as: Little actual gameplay, sometimes also called 'Walking Simulator.
On top of that insanity is pretty much a theme in all Cthulhu games so
Call of Cthulhu,
Prisoner of Ice and
Shadow of the Comet are worth a look as well.
That also includes games that are not Cthulhu in name but still take the Cthulhu mythos as its theme like
The Last Door Season 1 and
Season 2.
I put Martha is Dead on my wantlist, thanks!
I have the old CoC-game, I guess the Cthulhu-mythos is depicting a very unspecific, undefined kind of "insanity" that doesn't differ a lot throughout the games?
Leroux: Lylian Episode 1: Paranoid Friendship Keep In Mind (I'm not recommending them as good indie games, but they fit the themes.)
If you have Neverwinter Nights, there is a fan-made module taking place in an asylum, where you have to enter the inmate's minds in order to fix them (it predates Psychonauts by one or two years). This one I do recommend.
Excrucio Eternum Thanks! I have Neverwinter Nights, so I'm downloading this ASAP ;-)