Prator: I remember asking this question before, back in 2008 on the Bethesda Softworks forums in the months before Fallout 3 was released, and it amused me to no end that no two people on the board could agree on what, exactly, made Fallout Fallout-ish. There were many common threads, but no real consensus, and yet everyone seemed to believe in their own vision of a "True" Fallout game as if it were divine writ.
It isn't a simple question though. Asking people what a game is to them is like asking an artlover to define his favourite artworks. You're rarely gonna get the same answer from two different people. I'm not comparing videogames to art, but I believe that artlovers are as different from eachother as gamers are, even if their favourites match every once in a while.
For me it was the fact that both Fallouts were so stimulating in the totally uncensored, completely hopeless, bitter and cynical world they portrayed, full of people gone insane from the events that occurred, of course coupled with the sense that you were a real actor in that world, a hero even. Or a bastard. Either is insanely appealing to me. It's one of the very few games where I completely lost track of time and "came to" after an entire day of playing.
I actually think Borderlands got a lot closer to capturing the art and the feel of Fallout than Fallout 3 ever did. Neither game had a real story to go on or a lot to offer in the way of characters, but Borderlands had teeth and it was harsh, where Fallout 3 was a relaxing stroll through suburbia full of tame everyman characters, minus the lawns and the kids in hiphop clothes.
Anyway, Fallout T was a-okay, but it was still an unrepentant tie-in.