I found Fallout 1 dry and not quite so imaginative and inventive as Fallout 2. It also tended to pull more punches, in that it tended to not portray humanity as the absolute monster that it was portrayed as in Fallout 2 (see: The Enclave).
Fallout 1 felt more typical than Fallout 2. It had a mutant bad guy named 'The Master', it had eeevil super mutants, and it was really a very cliche game. It had some nice branching quests, but it didn't have a lot of depth. The characters, especially, were lacking in depth. It was fun, but despite taking itself more seriously than Fallout 2, I felt that FO2 was by far the more... how can I put this? Perhaps intellectual is the best word. Despite not taking itself seriously, FO2 was the far more intellectual game.
But that's what was so clever about Fallout 2; it was cheesy and it had its typical Fallout B-Movie moments, and it even had some pop culture references, so it could make you laugh, but it could also make you think, and on times it would seemingly go out of its way to get you angry/annoyed/offended/upset. One great instance was the deathclaws of Vault 13. They were really nice guys, you quickly learn to look past their bestial appearance and find that they're good, ethical, kindly people. In fact, given the chance, the might've been perhaps the best hope for the future of the wastes, since every FEV mutated deathclaw seemed to have a leaning toward ethics. But then the Enclave turns up to exterminate most of them. That's the bastardry of humanity for you.
I kind of liked it for that, it wasn't afraid to portray humanity as a massive pile of douchebags, and it wasn't at all bothered by sharing the notion that non-human entities could be superior to us. These are rare ideas for videogames. And the thing is, FO2 had a lot of this sort of thing, it gave it real depth, but a lot of people don't want depth in their games, not even their RPGs, so it makes people balk. But FO2 was the spirit of Fallout for me. It was cheesy, yet it was intelligent, it could bring out a massive range of emotions in me, and many scenes from the game would linger in my mind. And if I managed to do well by people, if I too was ethical, then the ending would be a real high. In fact, the ending provided by killap's patch (and later, the Restoration Project) has been one of the more memorable RPG experiences for me.
It's amazing, really. FO2 can end on such a note of hope. Yes, humanity, biggest pile of douchebags on the planet, but sometimes we can get things right, and we can do well by other people. It was really a tale of all of our flaws, and it was a challenge to the player to see if they could look past those flaws to actually be something decent, to be ethical, to have as much depth to them as the game did. Of course, you could just be a shallow old abomination if you wanted, and go around killing everything, the game allowed for that, too. You could even act in the interests of the Enclave.
FO2 was a brilliant example of how an RPG can leave a lasting effect, and for me it's up there with the likes of Planescape: Torment and Mask of the Betrayer. By comparison, FO1 just felt kind of shallow, like that depth was missing, like everything was so... typical. I think the problem with FO1 was that it was predictable. I pretty much guessed how the story was going to go early on, I guessed that the vault dweller would be kicked out of the vault for having been too corrupted by the vile, evil outside world, I guessed how the endings would go, and really, it had no secrets for me, no surprises. FO2 was different, it impressed me. And that's no small feat. FO2 wasn't typical.
I suppose if you like more unchallenging, everyday, typical RPGs - if Baldur's Gate is your cup of tea, then you're going to like Fallout 1 the best. If you're more intellectually inclined, you like to be surprised, and you enjoy things being off the wall and not conforming, and you can handle being offended occasionally - if Planescape: Torment is your species of kidney, then you're going to sing the praises of Fallout 2.
I don't think fans of either game will ever see eye to eye for pretty much that reason. :p