darktjm: The most recent change to this game claims a fix for Wine. It does indeed fix the main problem (no visuals at start of game, or apparently any time you enter limbo), but for me, the game still does not work (it always goes black after a minute or two of gameplay). So saying "it works with Wine", as with any game, may vary with Wine version, hardware, and phase of moon.
Removing the visual distortion effect fixes the black screen. To do this you can either set
r_signal_fx "0" in the in-game developer console or add it to config.cfg (although the config file gets overwritten sometimes).