I've pathed the game with UAP 2.0.2. It seems to work if I also disable g-sync, but the problem is that I can't scroll the map, so I'm stuck on the starting zone, with no way to move past that.
Does anybody know any way to fix this?

As suggested here, try adding the command line parameters "-scrolldist:0 -scrollfps:70" (without quotes) to the target line in the shortcut of the game.

Have you tried completely reinstalling the game and the patch? Have you configured the High Resolution Patch? If yes, how have you done this?

No, I haven't tried re-installing everything yet.
Regarding the High Res patch, if I remember corretly there's a script to execute. Before doing that, I modified the config.ini file like this:
//Arcanum High Resolution Patch Settings

//Basic:
Width = 2560 // original: 800
Height = 1440 // original: 600
BitDepth = 32 // original: 16
DialogFont = 2 // 0 = size 12, 1 = size 14, 2 = size 18
LogbookFont = 1 // 0 = size 12, 1 = size 14
MenuPosition = 1 // 0 = top, 1 = center, 2 = bottom
MainMenuArt = 0 // 0 = black, 1 = fade to black, 2 = wood
Borders = 1 // 1 = add borders to most UI graphics

//Graphics:
Windowed = 0 // 0 = fullscreen mode, 1 = windowed mode
Renderer = 1 // 0 = software, 1 = hardware
DoubleBuffer = 1 // 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (unless windowed)
DDrawWrapper = 1 // 1 = install DDrawCompat wrapper
ShowFPS = 0 // 0 = no change, 1 = always enabled

//Advanced:
ScrollFPS = 144 // original: 35, max: 255
ScrollDist = 30 // original: 10, infinite: 0
PreloadLimit = 60 // original: 30 tiles, max: 255
BroadcastLimit = 20 // original: 10 tiles, max 255
Logos = 0 // 0 = skip Sierra/Troika logos
Intro = 0 // 0 = skip the main menu intro clip

Try setting here the infinite scrolling, then don't forget to launch again the script to patch the game accordingly.
If it doesn't work, try different settings such as windowed mode or full HD resolution (1920x1080): just to see if something works as it should.
Reinstalling might be a good idea too: maybe something has gone wrong when your patched it in the first place.

I tried that now, but it still didn't work. At some point I guess I'll try to re-install everything, but, at least for now, I'll just give up on this game.
Thanks for the help anyway!