lightnica: Lets go back to ethics.
Do you consider it ethical to refuse to sell an ebook (or some other piece digital content) to someone living in your country because they are from Afghanistan?
Do you consider it ethical to refuse to sell an ebook to someone living in Afghanistan because they are from Afghanistan?
I think you're missing a significant point. People love to criticize "greedy big business", using the argument that profits trump all else. Your paper states something to the effect that "there's money to be made in those other countries, so those companies should be trying to get it." If we stick to that reasoning, then there is likely some financial reason that they
don't pursue that business, that revenue.
With regards to your questions above, here's how I see it:
If someone inside America wants to buy a product form me, I don't care what ethnicity flows through their veins, or their nationality. It makes no difference to my own costs of doing business, so selling to a white guy is the same is selling to an Afghani, Filipino, Venezuelan, or one of those dirty Canadians. ; )
If someone from outside the US wants to buy my product (Canadians being the only ones so far), I have to consider the cost of completing that sale. For instance, I have not the first idea of what paperwork hoops one must jump through to sell to South Africa, what tariffs need to be dealt with, Customs procedures, the international agreements and laws regarding product support, and on and on. After spending umpteen hours finding the answers to these issues, it may turn out to be a losing proposition for my business to take on those customers.
Since my items are advertised online, should I be forced to accept a loss simply because I would be forced to sell to all who ask? I would point out, also, that there is a significant difference between refusing entry to a physical store and refusing to complete an online sale. In-person sales means that the cost of that sale is equal, regardless of national origin of the buyer; any difference in profitability comes from the specific products purchased and the method of payment. Customs and import / export rules, should the buyer be taking the product out of the country, become the problem of the buyer, not the seller or shipper. Edit: there are probably some restrictions for certain products; for instance, a sale of prescription medications to a foreigner in Canada might incur some extra costs.
As shown previously, online sales are not necessarily equal when ordered from different nations. This applies to both a physical product shipped to the customer and digital products 'delivered' digitally, as both face import and export restrictions, tariffs, etc. As the buyers we don't usually see the hurdles of completing these sales, but they do exist and there is a cost to dealing with them.